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What Is Christianity Explained Information?

What Is Religion and Where Did It Originate?

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What Is Christianity?

What Is the Bible, and How Relative Is It to My Life?

Can I Understand the Bible?

What Are Messianic Prophecies?

Who Was Jesus of Nazareth, Really?

Why Are There So Many World Religions?

Why Are There So Many Christian Denominations?

What Is the Law and How Does It Apply to Me?

The Ten Commandments

What's All This About the End of the World and End-time Prophecies?

Isn't the Book of Daniel a Closed Book?

Revelation: How can anyone understand all that symbolism?

How Do I Identify a Cult?

Who or What Was Jesus' Mother, Mary?

Why Are We Here?

Where Do We Go When We Die?

Didn't Darwin Disprove Creation?

What's the Truth About Faith and Works?

Christian E-mails: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Complete Directory of Articles/Studies

Title Abbreviations for Books of the Bible

Genesis - Ge
Exodus - Ex
Leviticus - Le
Numbers - Nu
Deuteronomy - De
Joshua - Jos
Judges - Jud
Ruth - Ru
I Samuel - 1sa
II Samuel - 2sa
I Kings - 1ki
II Kings - 2ki
I Chronicles - 1ch
II Chronicles - 2ch
Ezra - Ezr
Nehemiah - Ne
Esther - Es
Job - Job
Psalm - Ps
Proverbs - Pr
Ecclesiastes - Ec
Song of Solomon - So
Isaiah - Isa
Jeremiah - Jer
Lamentations - La
Ezekiel - Eze
Daniel - Da
Hosea - Ho
Joel - Joe
Amos - Am
Obadiah - Ob
Johah - Jon
Micah - Mic
Nahum - Na
Habakuk - Hab
Zephaniah - Zep
Haggai - Hag
Zechariah - Zec
Malachi - Mal
Matthew - Mt
Mark - Mr
Luke - Lu
John - Joh
Acts - Ac
Romans - Ro
I Corinthians - 1co
II Corinthians - 2co
Galatians - Ga
Ephesians - Eph
Philippians - Php
Colossians - Col
I Thessalonians - 1th
II Thessalonians - 2th
I Timothy - 1ti
II Timothy - 2ti
Titus - Tit
Philemon - Phm
Hebrews - Heb
James - Jas
I Peter - 1pe
II Peter - 2pe
I John - 1jo
II John - 2jo
III John - 3jo
Jude - Jude
Revelation - Re

Covenants: What Are They, Who Made Them, and How Do They Relate to Me?


cov·e·nant (kuvÆÃ nÃnt), n.
1.    an agreement, usually formal, between two or more persons to do or not do something specified.
2.    Law. an incidental clause in such an agreement.
3.    Eccles. a solemn agreement between the members of a church to act together in harmony with the precepts of the gospel.
4.    (cap.) Hist.
    a. See National Covenant.
    b. See Solemn League and Covenant.
5.    Bible.
    a. the conditional promises made to humanity by God, as revealed in Scripture.
    b. the agreement between God and the ancient Israelites, in which God promised to protect them if they kept His law and were faithful to Him.
6.    Law.
    a. a formal agreement of legal validity, esp. one under seal.
    b. an early English form of action in suits involving sealed contracts.
7.    See Covenant of the League of Nations.
–v.i.
8.    to enter into a covenant.
–v.t.
9.    to promise by covenant; pledge.
10.    to stipulate.
[1250–1300; ME < AF, OF, n. use of prp. of covenir < L conven#re to come together, agree; see -ANT]
—cov·e·nan·tal (kuvÅÃ nanÆtl), adj.
—Syn. 1. treaty, pact, convention.

Of course, we're dealing with God, so we need to know a couple of things about him. 

For one thing, God does not change.

Mal 3:6 "For I am the Lord, I do not change; Therefore you are not consumed, O sons of Jacob.
Ps 89:34 My covenant I will not break, Nor alter the word that has gone out of My lips.

In definition #5, God is said to have made conditional promises to humanity, and specifically he promised to protect the Israelites if they kept his law and were faithful to him. 

Now many prople differ in opinion about the conditional or unconditional nature of God's covenants, so I'll be exploring covenants in general and what are known as The Old Covenant and The New Covenant here. I will be providing a lot of scripture here because some people don't take the time to look up scripture passages to confirm that what they are reading is really scripture and not just someone else's interpretation of scripture. I wish to have present here a record of what the Bible actually says. 

The Covenants between God and his people began in the Garden of Eden.

Ge 2:15 Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to tend and keep it.
Ge 2:16 And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, "Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat;
Ge 2:17 "but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die."


Though God did not use the word "covenant", He set Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden with the stipulation that they would have access to the tree of life and therefore live forever as long as they didn't eat from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, which was in the middle of the Garden. They ate from the tree, they were evicted from the Garden and their access to the Tree of Life terminated, and they began to die.

During this event, God cursed the serpent for allowing itself to be used by Satan to cause mankind to fall, and he cursed the ground so that it would no longer freely give forth food for mankind, and he "cursed" the woman with painful childbirth and multiplied sorrows and conceptions.
Because she showed such poor judgment in attempting to make herself equal with God, he made her who had been created equal to her husband now subservient to her husband. (More on this in Christian Relationships.)

But the good news is that God also made another Covenant with his people.

Ge 3:14 So the Lord God said to the serpent: "Because you have done this, You are cursed more than all cattle, And more than every beast of the field; On your belly you shall go, And you shall eat dust All the days of your life.
Ge 3:15 And I will put enmity Between you and the woman, And between your seed and her Seed; He shall bruise your head, And you shall bruise His heel."
Ge 3:16 To the woman He said: "I will greatly multiply your sorrow and your conception; In pain you shall bring forth children; Your desire shall be for your husband, And he shall rule over you."
Ge 3:17 Then to Adam He said, "Because you have heeded the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat of it': "Cursed is the ground for your sake; In toil you shall eat of it All the days of your life.
Ge 3:18 Both thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you, And you shall eat the herb of the field.


This time, the covenant was unconditional on God's part. He knew when he made man with the freedom of choice that man could fall, and he had already made a plan to save humanity from itself. He would send a hero to save the day. In verse 15, God ceased speaking to the serpent and began speaking to Satan, the evil spirit that had taken over the serpent. This hero, the Messiah or Annointed One, would come from woman (seed), and although this savior would be wounded (bruise his heel) by Satan, Satan would be destroyed (bruise your head) by the one to come. The use of heel and head brings into focus the crushing of the serpent's head under the heel of the Messiah. The serpent may strike at that heel and wound it, but it would still crush him.

Satan did everything he could to kill Jesus, and at the crucifixion, he appeared to have succeeded; however, at Christ's resurrection and ascencion, Satan was finally defeated. All that remains is for Christ to return as he promised for those who ernestly desire to follow God's ways. Once everyone is satisfied that God's ways are better than Satan's ways, Satan and all who prefer his ways will be finally destroyed. The scenes of judgment in Scripture will come to pass, not so that God can judge his people--he already knows who is good and who is evil--but so that the saved can review (judge) the righteousness of God in excluding those he then must destroy. 

The Old Covenant

The Abrahamic Covenant is considered to be the start of "The Old Covenant".

Ge 12:1 Now the Lord had said to Abram: "Get out of your country, From your family And from your father's house, To a land that I will show you.
Ge 12:2 I will make you a great nation; I will bless you And make your name great; And you shall be a blessing.
Ge 12:3 I will bless those who bless you, And I will curse him who curses you; And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed."

This would be a conditional covenant in that Abram had the choice to follow God's request or not. Once he moved on God's command, he completed his part of the covenant. But that wasn't the end of God's covenanting with Abram. When Abram arrived at his destination God had more news for him.

Ge 12:5 Then Abram took Sarai his wife and Lot his brother's son, and all their possessions that they had gathered, and the people whom they had acquired in Haran, and they departed to go to the land of Canaan. So they came to the land of Canaan.
Ge 12:6 Abram passed through the land to the place of Shechem, as far as the terebinth tree of Moreh. And the Canaanites were then in the land.
Ge 12:7 Then the Lord appeared to Abram and said, "To your descendants I will give this land." And there he built an altar to the Lord, who had appeared to him.
Ge 12:8 And he moved from there to the mountain east of Bethel, and he pitched his tent with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east; there he built an altar to the Lord and called on the name of the Lord.

After a drought forced Abram to visit Egypt for a while, he returned and Lot returned with even more than they had when they left and, since their herdsmen fought and argued over where to graze, Abram and Lot decided to go their separate ways. Abram gave Lot his choice of places and then the Lord reaffirmed his Covenant.

Ge 13:14 And the Lord said to Abram, after Lot had separated from him: "Lift your eyes now and look from the place where you are-northward, southward, eastward, and westward;
Ge 13:15 "for all the land which you see I give to you and your descendants forever.
Ge 13:16 "And I will make your descendants as the dust of the earth; so that if a man could number the dust of the earth, then your descendants also could be numbered.
Ge 13:17 "Arise, walk in the land through its length and its width, for I give it to you."
Ge 13:18 Then Abram moved his tent, and went and dwelt by the terebinth trees of Mamre, which are in Hebron, and built an altar there to the Lord.

Abram went years without having children and began to wonder how God was going to keep His end of the covenant to make of Abram a great nation.

Ge 15:1 After these things the word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision, saying, "Do not be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, your exceedingly great reward."
Ge 15:2 But Abram said, "Lord God, what will You give me, seeing I go childless, and the heir of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?"
Ge 15:3 Then Abram said, "Look, You have given me no offspring; indeed one born in my house is my heir!"
Ge 15:4 And behold, the word of the Lord came to him, saying, "This one shall not be your heir, but one who will come from your own body shall be your heir."
Ge 15:5 Then He brought him outside and said, "Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them." And He said to him, "So shall your descendants be."
Ge 15:6 And he believed in the Lord, and He accounted it to him for righteousness.
Ge 15:7 Then He said to him, "I am the Lord, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans, to give you this land to inherit it."
Ge 15:8 And he said, "Lord God, how shall I know that I will inherit it?"
Ge 15:9 So He said to him, "Bring Me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old female goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a young pigeon."
Ge 15:10 Then he brought all these to Him and cut them in two, down the middle, and placed each piece opposite the other; but he did not cut the birds in two.
Ge 15:11 And when the vultures came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.
Ge 15:12 Now when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and behold, horror and great darkness fell upon him.
Ge 15:13 Then He said to Abram: "Know certainly that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them, and they will afflict them four hundred years.
Ge 15:14 "And also the nation whom they serve I will judge; afterward they shall come out with great possessions.
Ge 15:15 "Now as for you, you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried at a good old age.
Ge 15:16 "But in the fourth generation they shall return here, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete."
Ge 15:17 And it came to pass, when the sun went down and it was dark, that behold, there appeared a smoking oven and a burning torch that passed between those pieces.
Ge 15:18 On the same day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying: "To your descendants I have given this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the River Euphrates
Ge 15:19 the Kenites, the Kenezzites, the Kadmonites,
Ge 15:20 "the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim,
Ge 15:21 "the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites."

Genesis 15:6 is the key to all Judeo-Christian theology: Abram believed God and God accounted that to Abram as righteousness. Being "good", being "smart", being "right" wasn't what made God love Abram (you couldn't say it was good or smart or right for Abram to pass his wife off as his sister and possibly cause her to commit adultery); it was Abram's faith in God. Abram was saved by faith, not by works. And did you notice that even after "he believed", he still asked for signs? His faith wasn't any greater than ours today. He simply wanted to believe in God and what God would do for him, and asked God to help him believe. So the covenant was sealed with blood. This of course is a whole other study. God accepted the sacrifice as his way of sealing the covenant, after telling Abram that his people would be captives in Egypt for 400 years. I think it was God's way of telling Abram to be patient, that everything takes time but it will come to pass in God's time.

When Abram was 99 years old, God again contacted him.

Ge 17:1 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, "I am Almighty God; walk before Me and be blameless.
Ge 17:2 "And I will make My covenant between Me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly."
Ge 17:3 Then Abram fell on his face, and God talked with him, saying:
Ge 17:4 "As for Me, behold, My covenant is with you, and you shall be a father of many nations.
Ge 17:5 "No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham; for I have made you a father of many nations.
Ge 17:6 "I will make you exceedingly fruitful; and I will make nations of you, and kings shall come from you.
Ge 17:7 "And I will establish My covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you in their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and your descendants after you.
Ge 17:8 "Also I give to you and your descendants after you the land in which you are a stranger, all the land of Canaan, as an everlasting possession; and I will be their God."
Ge 17:9 And God said to Abraham: "As for you, you shall keep My covenant, you and your descendants after you throughout their generations.
Ge 17:10 "This is My covenant which you shall keep, between Me and you and your descendants after you: Every male child among you shall be circumcised;
Ge 17:11 "and you shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and you.
Ge 17:12 "He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised, every male child in your generations, he who is born in your house or bought with money from any foreigner who is not your descendant.
Ge 17:13 "He who is born in your house and he who is bought with your money must be circumcised, and My covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
Ge 17:14 "And the uncircumcised male child, who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that person shall be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant."
Ge 17:15 Then God said to Abraham, "As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name.
Ge 17:16 "And I will bless her and also give you a son by her; then I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of peoples shall be from her."
Ge 17:17 Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed, and said in his heart, "Shall a child be born to a man who is one hundred years old? And shall Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a child?"
Ge 17:18 And Abraham said to God, "Oh, that Ishmael might live before You!"
Ge 17:19 Then God said: "No, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isaac; I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his descendants after him.
Ge 17:20 "And as for Ishmael, I have heard you. Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly. He shall beget twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation.
Ge 17:21 "But My covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you at this set time next year."
Ge 17:22 Then He finished talking with him, and God went up from Abraham.
Ge 17:23 So Abraham took Ishmael his son, all who were born in his house and all who were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham's house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskins that very same day, as God had said to him.
Ge 17:24 Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
Ge 17:25 And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
Ge 17:26 That very same day Abraham was circumcised, and his son Ishmael;
Ge 17:27 and all the men of his house, born in the house or bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him.

After reiterating his promise to make Abram the father of many nations, God renames him Abraham. This time God also makes the Covenant a personal relationship between himself and Abraham and Abraham's descendants. He would be their God as long as they would be his people. As a sign of this special relationship, God instituted circumcision for all males, which Abraham carried out without delay.

This time, however, no doubt because of the incident with Hagar, God included Sarai, renaming her Sarah, as the mother of many nations. The children of Ishmael believe he was the child of promise, but the Bible shows he was a child of Sarah's unbelief in God's ability to perform his word, not a child of God's leading. Nevertheless, God blessed Ishmael, and all the children of Abraham should dwell together as a loving family instead of a feuding family.

God even told Abraham when Isaac would be born and named him so there would be no further human error. By the way, Isaac means laughter and Genesis 17:17 is probably the world's first mention of rolling on the floor laughing.

But making of Abraham a great nation was conditional.

Ge 18:19 "For I have known him, in order that he may command his children and his household after him, that they keep the way of the Lord, to do righteousness and justice, that the Lord may bring to Abraham what He has spoken to him."

God expected them to do righteousness (believe in God and do what he told them to do) and justice (be fair with their brethren).

Righteousness was defined by Abram's belief in and willingness to follow the Lord. Justice seems to be defined by the "reasoning together" of Abraham and the Lord regarding the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.

Abraham reveals a compassion for ohers as well as his passion for justice in discussing with the Lord just how many people who believed in and followed him would have to be in the city in order for him to allow it to survive. God's willingness to patiently discuss the necessity for the destruction of sin with his people was also revealed.

I have always wondered how many people existed in Sodom that 10 would be the number of "righteous" people required to save it. I have a feeling there is a correlation between the percentage of "righteous" in Sodom and the percentage of "righteous" that will be found when Jesus returns. Judging by the actions and words of humanity today, that percentage is slipping rapidly.

Another component of the Abrahamic covenant reiterates the promise in the Garden:

Ge 22:18 "In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed, because you have obeyed My voice."

The New Covenant

There's a bit of misunderstanding, especially among new Christians, about what the New Covenant is. They like to think they're being treated differently than the Old Testament believers, when that's just not true. Below is the promise of the New Covenant.
Jer 31:31 "Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah
Jer 31:32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord.
Jer 31:33 "But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.
Jer 31:34 "No more shall every man teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord,' for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more."
Jer 31:35 Thus says the Lord, Who gives the sun for a light by day, The ordinances of the moon and the stars for a light by night, Who disturbs the sea, And its waves roar (The Lord of hosts is His name):
Jer 31:36 "If those ordinances depart From before Me, says the Lord, Then the seed of Israel shall also cease From being a nation before Me forever."
Jer 31:37 Thus says the Lord: "If heaven above can be measured, And the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel For all that they have done, says the Lord.
Jer 31:38 "Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, that the city shall be built for the Lord from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate.
Jer 31:39 "The surveyor's line shall again extend straight forward over the hill Gareb; then it shall turn toward Goath.
Jer 31:40 "And the whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields as far as the Brook Kidron, to the corner of the Horse Gate toward the east, shall be holy to the Lord. It shall not be plucked up or thrown down anymore forever."

As you can see, there are several components. The first is that the "new covenant" would differ from the "old covenant" in that "after those days" the laws of God would be written in the hearts of mankind and that each individual would learn of God from God.

Now some Christians have taken that last phrase and run amok with it. They say, "The word of God came to me" and "God told me" and proceed to spout things that are contrary to the laws or God and the word of God in scripture.  They also attempt to "teach to others" what they think God has told them, when the scripture clearly states that men will no longer teach men, but God's laws and instructions will be inside every individual. Christ himself said, in Matthew 23:8-12, "But you, Do not be called Rabbi (teacher); for One is your Teacher, the leader, and you are all brothers. Do not call anyone on earth your Father, for One is your Father, He who is in heaven. And do not be called Teacher; for One is your Teacher, the Christ."  

Ooops! Major mistake for those who hold themselves up as experts on Christianity and Judaism, and even Islam, let alone "new age" movements and cults that call themselves "Christian" but preach a different Gospel than the one delivered by Christ, which was based on Old Testament Scriptures.


Of course, when preaching against concepts found in The Scriptures, they also ignore the verses that say that the Lord does not change and is the same today as he was yesterday and will be forever. They think to change times and laws, but how can a person or committee be greater than the God who set up the system?

A second component is God's forgiveness of the iniquity of his people. He states that the sun, moon, and stars will pass away and all heaven will be measured before he will give up his people who call him their God.

Another, rather obvious, component is that this covenant is made with the children of Israel. I have to do a whole other study on Christians as the adopted (grafted-in) children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Israel) to address this point. One day I'm sure I'll get to this and link it here.

The final apparent component is the building of a City that will be Holy to the Lord and will never be destroyed. Now, I don't know if anyone has the measurements represented by the above, but I'd sure like to know if they do.

Well, there it is: the major covenants as presented by Scripture. I'll have an indepth study of the word covenant in another article, but these are the ones that apply today to the lives of all who claim to believe in the Almighty Creator God based on the oldest religious record of His interaction with the human race. Everything set down since these records has to agree with them in order to be classified as Truth about God and His real people--not those who proclaim themselves to be His people, but those who act like His people, which are those He proclaims to be His people.  Abram believed God enough to act on His commandments, and God accounted his belief as righteousness.

How do I know Abram even knew God's Commandments? Through my study of "The Begats", the lists of who was the father of whom.

Related Links

The Presence

Written in the Heart

The Appearing

The Truth About Mary Magdalene

Prophecy Speaks Seminar

Hope Through Prophecy

Prophecy Code

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Genesis 3:14-18

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